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A when-in-doubt-fly that can be a sedge/caddis, beetle, moth or anything you – or the fish – might fancy

This ragged looking caddis pupa from the hands of Norwegian Viggo Larsson will work well on both fast and calm water

A great and high floating caddis fly made with foam as a base material and a very simple and cool technique.

Martin Westbeek's Coq de Leon Hen Caddis Emerger has soft contours and soft materials that suggest the movements of an insect struggling to break free.

This caddis pattern has a great profile and an hot spot that can attract fish. It's been very successful for the originator, South African Korrie Broos.

With such a name a fly has to be good. And this one is. The Super Pupa is a killer pattern! Different, simple to tie, and very efficient.

The name of this renowned fly is Europea 12 - with an a in the end - oftentimes just called E-12. It's a true European classic, a great caddis imitation and even easy to tie.

Roger Duckworth shows an innovative and extremely easy technique to make durable extended bodies for mayflies, caddis, and stoneflies, and he shows a way of hackling the dry flies so that the hackle is under the body but above the hook so that it supports the fly more like the natural.

The Grannom is a small sedge (caddis to those in USA), which hatches in large quantities in April and is regarded as the first fly to prompt trout to "look up".

Grantham Sedge was originally designed by Ron Grantham in 1993. It is a unique solution to creating a fly which produces a substantial wake without having to be bulky or riffle hitched. Ron Grantham writes "When used with a floating fly line this unsinkable fly will stay on the surface as long as it is moving

Hans Weilenmann's CDC & Elk is a fly as good as they come. Still a lot of people - including Hans himself and the author of this article - have made variations. The article covers a whole bunch of CDC & Elk variations.

It will form legs, wing, body and the perfect silhouette of a caddis. It's a great floater and superb for fast water or as an indicator tied on above a seductive nymph.

Realistic flies are not only for the display case. As Steve Thornton shows us, realism can also be applied to practical and effective fishing flies. Trout and grayling beware!

He send me copies of some of his own creations and moreover delicate watercolour drawings of his in Scandinavia very famous Sedge Pupa - imitation. As his flies are very little known in Europe, I shall try to give a description.

A sedge pattern in the Goddard tradition - with a twist. This fly is a combination of the G+H Sedge and a hackling method adapted from Dutch Piet Weeda - making it a one-material-fly.